Premna latifolia Roxb.belongs to the family Verbenaceae. Premna latifolia Roxb.is widespread in India along thecoastal regions of plains and hills. Traditionally the paste of Premna latifolia Roxb.bark is applied to cure boils; tender leavesare diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-rheumatic and used in acute dropsy. Therefore the present research evaluatedthe anti-rheumatic potentials of Premna latifolia Roxb. on chronic immunological Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-inducedarthritis in rats. Methanolic extract of whole plant of Premna latifolia Roxb. (MEPL 200 & 400mg/kg body weight p.o) andstandard drug (Diclofenac sodium, 100mg/kg) suspended in 1% v/v tween 80 was prepared and administered to CFA arthriticrats. One day before the Complete Freund’s adjuvant injection and daily treatment continued for 21days. The CFA arthriticmodel was created by the injection of 0.5ml Complete Freund’s adjuvant into the synovial cavity of the right knee joint of hindleg of rats. Oral dosage of MEPL was found to be significantly decreasing the humoral immune response by inhibiting the acuteinflammatory reaction by reducing vascular permeability or other inflammatory mediators. The secondary arthritis lesions werereported to presume due to delayed hypersensitivity reaction and MEPL exerted a marked significant effect on this stage.Haematological parameters also showed a significant improvement from the arthritic condition. These observations suggest thepotency of MEPL in therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.Keywords: Premna latifolia Roxb., Complete Freund’s Adjuvant, Chronic Immunological Model.

To study the cardioprotective effect of Rutin in Isoproterenol induced Myocardial necrosis in rats. Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the single largest cause of death worldwide and now become the leading cause of mortality in India with a death rate of 272 per 100 000 population in India which is higher than the global average of 235 per 100 000 population. But unfortunately, its pharmacotherapy is still incomplete. Rutin is a naturally occurring flavonoid having a long history of use in nutritional supplements for its action against oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperglycemia but remains unexplored for its role in MI. This study was conducted to address this lacuna. In this study rats were treated with Rutin (10 mg/kg, per orally [p.o.]), Lisinopril (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and isoproterenol control group (normal saline) for thirty days, with concurrent subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol (ISO, 85 mg/kg) at 24 h interval on last two consecutive days whereas control group was administered with vehicle only. Isoproterenol significantly attenuated cardiac antioxidant enzymes and increased plasma cardiac injury biomarkers Creatine kinase MB. Isoproterenol also altered cardiac activity as evidenced by a decrease in blood pressure and increase in heart rate. The damage due to oxidative stress was revealed by histopathology alterations such as myocyte necrosis, myofibrillar degeneration and pyknotic nucleus. However, pre-treatment with Rutin demonstrated restoration of hemodynamic alterations along with significant preservation of antioxidants and myocyte injury specific marker enzymes. Furthermore, the protective effect of Rutin was reconfirmed by the histopathological salvage of myocardium. Present study demonstrated the cardioprotective potential of Rutin, as evidenced by favourable improvement in ISO-induced hemodynamic, plasma cardiac biomarkers and tissue antioxidant status along with maintenance of the integrity of myocardium. Rutin treatment significantly ameliorated these above-mentioned changes with a decrease in blood reduced expression of TNF-α (p<0.001) and CK-MB (p<0.05) compared to ISO rats. Also, provided significant protection against oxidative stress (p<0.001) in the myocardium, prevented degenerative changes in the heart and improved Blood pressure (p<0.01), and Heart rate (p<0.05) compared to ISO rats.Theheart-to-body weight ratio(Hw/Bw) was significantly reduced in Rutin treatment group compared to isoproterenol control rats(P<0.05). Our data suggest the possible cardioprotective effects of Rutin in Isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats, and that protection might be in part due to the attenuation of oxidative stress and moderate increment in antioxidant reserves. Keywords: Cardioprotective, Flavonoids, Isoproterenol, Myocardial infarction, Rutin.

The tendency of researchers toward innovative drug delivery systems has majorly increased to ensure efficacy, safetyand patient acceptability. Discovery and development of new chemical agents is complex, expensive and time consumingprocess, so recent trends focus on designing and developing innovative drug delivery systems for existing drugs. Out of those,the oral films act as a suitable alternative to patients with swallowing difficulties and also as a more suitable, acceptable andconvenient dosage form when compared to the conventional oral dosage forms. The advantages of this drug delivery systemmay include fast dissolution of the films, the self administrable nature of the technology and the high blood supply of the oralmucosa will enable fast effective treatments for many more conditions. Various approaches are employed for formulating oralfilms and among which solvent casting and spraying methods are frequently used. Generally, hydrophilic polymers along withother excipients are used for preparing oral films which allow films to disintegrate quickly and release incorporated activepharmaceutical ingredient (API) within seconds. Present review attempts to focus on benefits, composition, approaches forformulation and evaluation of oral films.Keywords: Oral films, Formulation parameters, Manufacturing methods, Characterization.

Osteoarthrities is one the form of sandhigatavata mentioned by Acharyacharaka.Sandhigatavata can be defined as adisease of Sandhi (Joint) with symptoms of Sandhishula, Sandhishotha, vatapurna drutisparsha and Akunchana PrasaranaPravritti Savedana. sandhigatavata is a disease related with Khavaigunya found in Asthivaha srotasa which includes vitiatedVata and kapha.The etiology and symptomatology of Osteoarthrities is very much similar to that of sandhigatavata.Osteoarthrities is usually characterized by swelling,pain,crepitus,pain during flexion and extention of affected joint. AacharyaCharaka has elaborated the importance of basti chikitsa as sandhigatavata, because of its preventive, promotive, prophylacticand rejuvinative properties as. Among these Panchakarma“Bastyah ksheersarpishah tiktakopahitanich”5. In the present clinicalstudy, efficacy of Pancha tikta ksheer basti in sandhigatavata with special reference to Osteoarthrities of knee joint isevaluated.The present modern established management includes use of various NSAIDs which become resistant over a shortperiod of time. Though basti is a traditionally used therapy in Janusandhigatavata, it’s efficacy is not yet evaluated withPancha tikta ksheer basti. Cost of the treatment modality is very much less as compared to other managements. Moreover thereare no adverse effects of basti chikitsa when compared to present modern established conservative treatment. At the end ofstudy it is found that Pancha tikta ksheer basti is more effective than YogaBasti with respect to Shotha, Shoola, Sandhigrahaand Vatapurnadruti sparsha. The values of Shotha levels were significantly reduced in Study as well as Control Group.Keywords: Janusandhigatavata, Osteoarthrities , Pancha tikta ksheer basti, YogaBasti.

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have become an integral part of the development of new medicines. There arenumerous elements that enable drug delivery to the correct site at a desirable rate and time of release .There is needfor an evolution of such systems, in particular those for oral administration, in order to obtain a site specificdelivery. The ultimate aim of such systems is tailoring of the drug formulation to individual requirements under thecontrol of pathophysiological or in vivo conditions rather than in vitro characteristics. The majority of oral DDS arematrix-based systems. Swellable matrices are monolithic systems prepared by compression of a powdered mixture of ahydrophilic polymer and a drug. Their success is linked to the established tabletting technology of manufacturing.During drug delivery, the gel layer is exposed to continuous changes in its structure and thickness. The gel layer is ahydrophilic barrier that controls water penetration and drug diffusion. It begins when the polymer becomes hydrated and swells.Here, the polymer chains are strongly entangled and the gel layer is highly resistant. However, moving away from this swellingposition, the gel layer becomes progressively hydrated and, when sufficient water has accumulated, the chains disen-tangle andthe polymer dissolve.Keywords: In-situ, Swellable matrix, Drug diffusion.