ABSTRACT

Celosia argentea L is one of the most dominating herbaceous annual weed found in all semiarid crop fields like groundnut, cowpea, jowar, raddish, maize, green gram and hyacinth bean. Spermosphere of C. argentea L promotes the germinability of dormant weed plants by secreting chemicals into the soil. C. argentea reduces the crop yields by promoting the growth of microorganisms, and also it inhibits the germinability of surrounding crop plant seeds by producing allelo chemicals into the soil. Different concentrations of 2, 4-D and Potassium chloride were sprayed on to healthy plants of Celosia argentea L grown in garden conditions and their effects were recorded. Potassium chloride is used as a nutrient fertilizer. And 2, 4-D will be degraded in the soil by microorganisms within 2-3 weeks without causing any harmful effects.

Keywords: 2, 4-D, Potassium chloride and Celosia argentea L.

ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Barringtonia acutangula (L.) on learning and memory in mice. Morris water maze and passive avoidance paradigm were employed to test learning and memory. Two doses (100 and 200mg/kg, p.o.) of methanolic extract were administered for 21 successive days in separate group of animals. The dose of 200 & 400‐mg/kg p.o. of EEBA significantly improved learning and memory of mice in dose dependent manner. Furthermore, this dose significantly reversed the amnesia induced by Corticosterone (5 mg/kg, s.c) induced amnesia. Hence Barringtonia acutangula (L.) appears to be a promising candidate for improving memory and it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. However, further studies are necessitated to identify the exact mechanism of action.

 Keywords: Barringtonia acutangula (L.), Alzheimer’s disease.

ABSTRACT

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. BR. is an important medicinal plant and widely used in the treatment of variety of diseases and well explored scientifically for their pharmacological properties. The current study was therefore carried out to provide requisite pharmacognostical and physicochemical details of the leaves by means of standardization of the species. The morphological study reveals the leaves are simple, alternate; leaves lamina is oblong and the base is wedge-shaped. The microscopy reveals the dorsiventral type of leaves, with diacytic stomata, covering lower epidermis and presence of calcium-oxalate crystals and bunch of spiral vessel ground tissue. Physicochemical properties such as extractive values in different solvents were established. Qualitative phytochemical screenings revealed the presence of alkaloid, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids in the leaves extract. The results of the study could be useful in setting some diagnostic indices for the identification and preparation of a monograph of the plant.

Keywords:Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. BR., Leaves, Pharmacognostic study, Physicochemical, Phytochemical.

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to investigate the Effect of aqueous and ethanolic root, stem and leaf extract of common weeds such as Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br, ex DC, Amaranthus tricolor L., Cardiospermum helicacabum L., Corchorus olitorius L., Cyperus rotundus L., Euphorbia heterophylla L., Euphorbia hirta L., Phyllanthus amerus Schumach. & Thonn., Portulaca oleracea L., Vicoa indica (L.) DC. on seed health (incidence of seed mycoflora, seed germination, seedling emergence, root and shoot lengths) of cotton using a laboratory bioassay. The result observed that the Aqueous extracts of Vicoa indica (L.) DC and Portulaca oleracea L. showed mínimum incidence of seed mycoflora and stimulatory for seed healths (seed germination and seedling emergence, root and shoot length) as compared to other extracts and control on cotton. But the extract of Corchorus olitorius L showed adverse effect on seed healths of cotton. Present work highlights the effect of allelochemical present in weed extracts on seed health of cotton and suggested that those weeds may affect cotton seed health due to inhibitory or stimulatory effect of allelochemicals which are present in the extract of weeds.

Keywords: Common Weeds, Seed Health, Cotton, Allelopathy, Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts.

ABSTRACT

Adiantum caudatum, a medicinal pteridophyte, fronds of Adiantum caudatum evaluated for its antibacterial potential and phytochemical contents in various solvent extracts of the plant in increasing polarity towards bacterial species involved in skin diseases in human beings. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the plant exhibited antibacterial activity in methanol extract. The methanol extract of the plant showed maximum level of activity towards Pseodomonas aeruginosa, a resistant strain towards amoxycilin and chloramphenicol. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often encountered in nosocomial infections and in people suffering from cystic fibrosis and its infection is common in-patient receiving treatment of severe burns. Polar compounds are extracted during methnolic extraction and these are responsible for antibacterial activity.  Petroleum ether and water extracts did not show any antibacterial activity towards any of the tested organisms. The presence of flavonoids and phenols observed in various extracts. Flavonoid and phenol content in methanol extract of the plant may be one of the reasons for their antibacterial activity. Methanolic extract of the plant exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration as 50mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration as 25mg/ml towards Pseudomonas aerogenosa. The plant showed lower level of inhibition towards Escherichia coli compared to the other bacterial strains..

Keywords: Adiantum caudatum; Antibacterial activity; Cutaneous diseases; Phytochemicals.

ABSTRACT

It is well known that the triad of knowledge, attitudes and practices in combination governs all aspects of life in human societies. Knowledge is the capacity to acquire, retain and use information; a mixture of comprehension, experience, discernment and skill, whereas, Attitudes refer to inclinations to react in a certain way to certain situations; to see and interpret events according to certain predispositions; or to organize opinions into coherent and interrelated structures and Practices mean the application of rules and knowledge that leads to action. Good practice is an art that is linked to the progress of knowledge and technology and is executed in an ethical manner. The purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices related to Health and Nutrition among families with exposure to mass media like news papers radio, television, video films, and film shows etc. A total of 90 rural women from 3 villages in Darsi mandal, Prakasam district were interviewed in their local language in order to understand their knowledge, attitudes and practices. A questionnaire with 30 items comprising of health and nutrition components was executed for the study. Data were analyzed and the results expressed that mass media has brought positive and drastic changes in the livelihoods of rural women, with regard to all three strands knowledge, attitude and practice. Owing to health and nutrition programmes being telecasted from television, broadcasted from radio as well as health and nutrition aspects from news papers there was much upliftment in the nutrition and health of rural families.

Keywords: Knowledge, 3 villages, Health and Nutrition Components.

ABSTRACT

Recent advances in Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) aim for designing dosage forms, convenient to be manufactured and administered, free of side effects, offering immediate release and enhanced bioavailability, so as to achieve better patient compliance. Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are gaining prominence as new drug delivery systems and emerged as one of the popular and widely accepted dosage forms, especially for the pediatric and geriatric patients. To obviate the problem of dysphagia and to improve patient compliance, ODTs have gained considerable attention as preferred alternatives to conventional tablet and capsule formulations. Terbutaline Sulphate is a beta-2 agonist and has action similar to that of Isoproterenol. The basic aim of this formulation was to decrease the onset time of the drug by decreasing the disintegration time of the tablet by formulating fast melting tablet. In the present study fast melting tablets of Terbutaline Sulphate was prepared. The tablets were evaluated for percentage friability, hardness, weight variation, disintegration, and percentage drug content and evaluation results shows tablet to be within the official limits. Dissolution profile of the tablet shows that the excipients used in the tablet had no negative influence on the release pattern of the drug. It was thus possible to formulate mouth melting tablets of Terbutaline Sulphate using simple and cost effective technique.

Keywords: Mouth dissolving drug delivery system, X-Ray diffraction study, Analytical validation, spectroscopy.

ABSTRACT

                Mucoadhesive microspheres of metformin hydrochloride were prepared by orifice ionic gelation method to target the drug absorption in the stomach and upper part of intestine by increasing the residence time of drug in upper part of gastro intestinal tract and to control the drug release in therapeutic range for a longer period of time. Here sodium alginate was used as crosslinking agent and carbopol 934P and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were used as mucoadhesive polymers in the formulation step. The surface morphology of the microspheres was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared microspheres were discrete, spherical in shape and showed free flowing properties and exhibited good mucoadhesive property in the in vitro wash-off test. Among all the formulation, Formulation F4 containing carbopol 934P and F8 containing hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K-100M) showed a high drug entrapment efficiency of   84.15 ± 0.01% and 78.21 ± 0.09% and a percentage swelling index of 148.1 ± 1.45% and 197.4 ± 1.20%. Percentage mucoadhesion after 10 h was 40 ± 2 % and 35 ± 2 % for F4 and F8 respectively .The drug release from the formulations F4 and F8 controlled for more than 12 h. The data obtained thus suggest that mucoadhesive microspheres can successfully design for controlled delivery of metformin hydrochloride and to improve patient compliance. The mechanism of drug release was evaluated using the linear regression coefficient.

Keywords: Microspheres, Diabetes Type-2, Mucoadhesion, Controlled Drug Release, Orifice Ionic Gelation Technique.

ABSTRACT
The strain of cyanobacterial metabolites were extracted from effluent derived Oscillatoria terebriformis (Ag.
VIAT010)and cultivated in the laboratory condition at VIAT (Vivekananda Institute of Algal Technology) through improvisedCFTRI medium. Then the lipid were collected through Transesterification process and taken analysis for GC-MS and FTIR. Inthis result showed that the presence of 5 metabolites with retention time ranging from 16.704 to 22.081. The maximum peakwas shown by 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester (79.42%) followed by Phytol (11.37%), Methyl (7E)-7-hexadecenoate (3.14%) and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (2.95%).

Keywords: Oscillatoria terebriformis, Biomass, Lipid, GC – MS, FTIR, Fatty Acids.

ABSTRACT
A total of 112 day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used to investigate the effect of graded levels (0, 1, 2
and 3%) of fenugreek seed powder (FSP) on the performance, carcass characteristics and some blood serum attributes. Chicks were randomly distributed in a complete randomized design into four groups (A, B, C and D) each group having four replicates with seven chicks per each. Chicks in group A fed control diet, groups B, C and D fed on diets containing 1, 2 and 3% FSP respectively. The results obtained revealed that chicks fed on 1% FSP recorded significantly (P< 0.05) the heaviest body weight compared to all tested groups, while those fed on control diet recorded significantly the lowest body weight value. There were no significant differences in body weight gain among groups fed on FSP, but they observed significantly high body weight gain compared to control group. Chicks fed on diets supplemented with FSP consumed significantly more feed, and the best feed conversion ratio (FRC) values compared to untreated group. Treatments had no significant effect on the health of the experimental chicks. The addition of FSP significantly effect on the dressing percentage and with no significant effect on carcass characteristics and the values of subjective meat quality. Supplementation of FSP on the broiler diets significantly decreased serum cholesterol, total protein, albumin and calcium. It can be concluded that FSP supplementation to diets improve the serum cholesterol, carcass characteristics and reduce serum cholesterol of broiler chicks. Economically chicks fed on diets supplemented with FSP recorded the highest profits.

Keywords: Fenugreek seed powder, Serum cholesterol, Serum cholesterol.

ABSTRACT
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, insidious, disabling disease involving oral mucosa, the oro-pharynx,
and rarely, the larynx. A case report of oral submucous fibrosis occurring in a 55 year old man is presented. This article tells the etiology, clinical presentation and treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. This case report not only highlights the  link between oral submucous fibrosis and the regular use of areca-nut and the newer trans-cultural oral tobacco products but also tells us about its harmful effects. The case report underlines the danger that human face with products which are clearly targeted at them by the tobacco industry.

Keywords: Oral Submucous fibrosis, Areca-nut, Irritants, Nutrition etc.

ABSTRACT
An investigation was undertaken to study the Physical and Chemical properties of coal in Korba district. Due to the Presence of lot of Coal mines, number of coal based thermal power stations are established in Korba district. So study has been carried out for assessment of coal quality, whether it is suitable for thermal power stations, by collecting sample from Gevra Coal mines.This paper presents Grade of the coal available in Korba district. Three different Coal samples were collected from different areas of Gevra Coal mines and analyzed for Proximate, Ultimate and Calorific value as per Standard methods. The useful heat values(UHV) of three coal samples are 2482K.Cal/Kg, 2917K.Cal/Kg, and 2786K.Cal/Kg .From overall analysis, and according to UHV of coal samples we can conclude that the grade of Gevra Coal is ” F”and is very much useful for Coal based thermal power stations.

Keywords:Coal mines, Chemical properties, Thermal power, Calorific value.

ABSTRACT
Heterocyclic nucleus containing drugs showed remarkable and noticeable drug absorption, transmission and drug effects; hence they created their own identity and importance in pharmaceutical, medicinal, agricultural and drug sciences. Benzonido and pyridino, dithiazolo, quinolino and alkyl amino heterocycles showed important applications in industrial, pharmaceutical, medicinal and drug chemistry. Considering all these facts into consideration recently in this laboratory interactions of N-(7-chloroquinoline-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine(1)was carried out with various thiourea (2) by using N,N-triethyl- amine as a catalyst in isopropanol medium to isolate N-(7-substitutedthiocarbamido- quinoline-4-yl)-N,Ndiethyl- pentane-1,4-diamines(3). The justification and identification of the structure of these newly synthesized compounds had been established on the basis of chemical characterization, elemental analysis and through spectral data.
Keywords: Substitutedthiourea, N-(7-substitutedthiocarbamidoquinoline-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamines.

ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba on lipid profile. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract
revealed a hopeful herbal supplement as therapy for Hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: Ginkgo biloba, Lipid profile.

ABSTRACT
Most ocular diseases are treated with topical application of eye drops. After instillation of an eye drop, typically less
than 5% of the applied drug penetrates the cornea and reaches intraocular tissues, while a major fraction of the instilled dose isabsorbed and enters the systemic circulation. As ocular efficiency of topically applied drugs is influenced by the corneal contact time, most common method of improving ocular availability of drugs is to increase pre-corneal residence time by usingvesicular system and hydrogel. One such approach to improve bioavailability of drug is the use of in-situ gelling system, which gets converted from sol-to-gel as a result of change in pH. By using Carbopol940 – a pH sensitive gelling agent, an attempt was made to develop niosomal in-situ gelling systems of Norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic; useful in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, to increase the ocular residence time of drug. HPMC K15M was incorporated as viscosity enhancing agent. The promising formulations M1, M2, M3 and M4 were evaluated for pH, drug content, in vitro gelation, in vitro drug release, in vivo drug release, viscosity and stability. Percent drug content of 82.5%, 86.7%, 85.3% and 90.8%; viscosity of 320cP, 405cP, 440cP and 500cP at 100 rpm, cumulative percent release of 37.9%, 47.7%, 48.2% and 49.7%, was observed for formulation M1, M2, M3 and M4 respectively. The developed formulations were therapeutically efficacious, stable, non-irritant and provided sustained release of the drug for 12 hours.

Keywords: Vesicular system, Niosomes, In-situ gel, pH sensitive gelling agent, Bacterial conjunctivitis.

ABSTRACT
At the commonly recommended dosage, the only clear adverse effect is dental fluorosis, which can alter the
appearance of children\'s teeth during tooth development; this is mostly mild and is unlikely to represent any real effect on aesthetic appearance or on public health. The critical period of exposure is between ages one and four years, with the risk ending around age eight. Fluorosis can be prevented by monitoring all sources of fluoride, with fluoridated water directly or indirectly responsible for an estimated 40% of risk and other sources, notably toothpaste, responsible for the remaining 60%. Compared to water naturally fluoridated at 0.4 mg/L, fluoridation to 1 mg/L is estimated to cause additional fluorosis in one of every 6 people (95% CI 4–21 people), and to cause additional fluorosis of aesthetic concern in one of every 22 people (95% CI 13.6–∞ people). Here, aesthetic concern is a term used in a standardized scale based on what adolescents would find unacceptable, as measured by a 1996 study of British 14-year-olds. In many industrialized countries the prevalence of fluorosis is increasing even in unfluoridated communities, mostly because of fluoride from swallowed toothpaste. A 2009 systematic review indicated that fluorosis is associated with consumption of infant formula or of water added to reconstitute the formula, that the evidence was distorted by publication bias, and that the evidence that the formula\'s fluoride caused the fluorosis was weak.. In the U.S. the decline in tooth decay was accompanied by increased fluorosis in both fluoridated and unfluoridated communities; accordingly, fluoride has been reduced in various ways worldwide in infant formulas, children\'s toothpaste, water, and fluoride-supplement schedules.

Keywords: Fluoridation, dosage, fluorosis, aesthetic, consumption.